Instância
Autor | Helder Martins Leitão |
Cargo do Autor | Advogado |
Páginas | 156-157 |
Page 156
s.f. (lat. instantia).
s.c.: acto de instar; solicitação; empenho.
Na técnica jurídica o termo instância é empregado em duas acepções diferentes. Na primeira, alude aos diversos graus de jurisdição admitidos na hierarquia judiciária, sendo nesse sentido que se diz existirem, entre nós, tribunais de 1.ª e 2.ª instância; na outra, quer significar a própria relação jurídica processual, a acção em exercício e movimento, confundindo-se, por vezes, com o processo, que é a sua exteriorização material. É nesta segunda acepção que o legislador emprega a palavra instância nos arts. 264.º a 301.º.
A instância inicia-se pela proposição da acção e esta considera-se proposta, intentada ou pendente logo que seja recebida na secretaria a respectiva petição inicial.
Porém, o acto da proposição não produz efeitos em relação ao réu senão a partir do momento da citação.
Citado o réu, a instância deve manter-se a mesma quanto às pessoas, ao pedido e à causa de pedir, salvas as possibilidades de modificação consignadas na lei.
A instância suspende-se nos seguintes casos:
* falecimento ou extinção de alguma das partes;
* falecimento ou impossibilidade do advogado constituído;
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* falecimento ou impossibilidade do representante legal do incapaz;
* ordem do tribunal;
* determinação da lei;
* acordo das partes.
A instância interrompe-se, quando o processo estiver parado durante mais de um ano por negligência das partes em promover os seus termos ou os de algum incidente do qual dependa o seu andamento.
A instância extingue-se com:
* o julgamento;
* o compromisso arbitral;
* a deserção;
* a desistência, confissão ou transacção;
* a impossibilidade ou inutilidade superveniente da lide;
* morte ou extinção de alguma das partes, quando torne impossível ou inútil a continuação da lide.
Quando haja lugar a cessação ou alteração da obrigação alimentar, judicialmente fixada, é o respectivo pedido deduzido como dependência da causa principal, seguindo-se, com as adaptações necessárias, os termos desta e considerando-se renovada a instância.
Remissões:
arts. 264.º a 301.º C.P.C..
Jurisprudência:
Ac. Rel. Porto, de 16/1/03, in JTRP00035621/ITIJ/Net.
Ac. Rel. Porto, de 5/12/02, in JTRP00034694/ITIJ/Net.
Ac. Rel. Lisboa, de 18/12/01, in Col...
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PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Dicionário de Processo Civil
- I
- Igualdade
- Ilegitimidade
- Imediação
- Impedimento
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- Interrupção da audiência
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- Intervenção de terceiros
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