Embargos de terceiro
Autor | Helder Martins Leitão |
Cargo do Autor | Advogado |
Páginas | 161-163 |
Page 161
Não esqueça o leitor:
estamos na secção VI, subordinada ao título «Da Apreensão de Bens».
[ GRÁFICO EM ARQUIVO ADJUNTO ]
Só que deduzido aquele ou efectivada esta, pode ficar ferido o património ou a posse de terceiro.
Quando tal ocorra, este poderá reagir, socorrendo-se, precisamente, da figura dos embargos de terceiro, prevista no art. 237º do C.P.P.T..
Sendo que este dispositivo, é emanação do nº 1, do art. 351º do C.P.C., com este texto:
«Se a penhora, ou qualquer acto, judicialmente ordenado de apreensão ou entrega de bens, ofender a posse ou qualquer direito incompatível com a realização ou o âmbito da diligência, de que seja titular quem não é parte na causa, pode o lesado fazê-lo valer, deduzindo embargos de terceiro.»
Diga-se que o embargante não necessita de provar a sua propriedade, sobre os bens que considera, indevidamente, apreendidos; é bastante a prova da sua posse.
A prova de que ele, conquanto possuidor, não é proprietário e de que os bens podem ser executados, incumbe ao credor.
Os embargos de terceiro são um meio de tutela judicial da posse, constituindo uma verdadeira acção de posse e que, portanto, tanto pode servir para obter a restituição como a manutenção desta.
Com a petição inicial, o embargante deve oferecer prova informatória de que é terceiro e de que tem a posse dos bens a que os embargos respeitam.
Pela sua natureza de meio possessório, os embargos de terceiro estão sujeitos, assim, aos mesmos requisitos exigidos para qualquer acção possessória em geral.
Assim sendo, necessário se torna que o terceiro tenha a posse dos bens penhorados e que tal posse seja anterior à penhora.
Tem posse, quem pode demonstrar a existência de dois elementos: o corpus e o animus.
O primeiro, consiste na submissão da coisa à vontade do sujeito com continuada possibilidade de actuação material sobre ela; o segundo, é a intenção de agir como titular do direito a que o exercício do poder de facto sobre a coisa se refere.
O embargante tem que alegar e provar a posse real e efectiva da coisa que a diligência judicial - no caso da penhora - fez apreender.
Page 162
Essa posse real e efectiva - o corpus - pode estar a ser exercida por outrem que não o embargante, mas sempre em nome deste.
É o caso dos depositários, arrendatários ou comodatários que possuem a coisa em nome dos depositantes, senhorios e comodantes, respectivamente.
Estes últimos, continuando a ter a posse efectiva, podem deduzir embargos de terceiro para sua...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- O Processo de Execução Fiscal
- Do Processo
- Apensação
- Prestação de caução
- Registo das execuções fiscais
- Comunicação com tribunais e autoridades
- Instauração e autuação
- Citação
- Regime
- Tramitação post-requerimento
- Condições
- Formalidades
- Prazo
- Fundamentos
- Tramitação
- Arresto
- Penhora
- Embargos de terceiro
- Actos preliminares
- Formalidades da venda
- Anulação da venda
- Espécies
- Pagamento coercivo
- Pagamento voluntário
- Anulação da dívida
- Declaração em falhas e prescrição
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