Cônjuge
Autor | Helder Martins Leitão |
Cargo do Autor | Advogado |
Páginas | 73-74 |
Page 73
s. 2 gén. (lat. conjuge).
s.c.: cada um dos esposos em relação ao outro.
A regra é a de que o casamento não produz efeitos sobre a capacidade judiciária dos cônjuges. Se a acção emerge de facto praticado por ambos os cônjuges (um contrato em que marido e mulher intervieram como outorgantes, um acto ilícito que um e outro praticaram), caso em que as obrigações dele decorrentes são por via de regra comunicáveis (arts. 1691.º, 1, al. a) e 1692.º, al. b), por arg. a contrario, do Cód. Civil), ambos devem ser demandados, a fim de ser devidamente esclarecida desde logo a situação de facto que serve de base à pretensão do autor. Se a acção emerge de facto praticado por um deles apenas, quer a obrigação dele decorrente seja comunicável, quer seja incomunicável, cabe ao autor optar, de acordo com os termos da alternativa estabelecida na lei, entre a solução de demandar ambos os cônjuges ou demandar somente o autor do facto.
No caso de o autor demandar ambos os cônjuges, sendo a acção julgada procedente, o autor poderá ficar munido de um título executivo capaz de ser executado contra os bens próprios do cônjuges que não seja autor do facto, consoante a natureza da dívida e o regime para ela instituído pelo direito substantivo. No caso de ser demandado apenas um dos cônjuges, o título obtido pelo autor, ainda que a acção seja julgada procedente, não poderá ser executado sobre bens comuns (nem sequer sobre os referidos no n.º 2, do art. 1696.º do C.C.), nem sobre bens próprios do cônjuge não demandado seja qual for a natureza da dívida.
Na execução movida contra um só dos cônjuges, podem ser penhorados bens comuns ao casal, contanto que o exequente, ao nomeá-los à penhora, peça a citação do cônjuge do executado, para requerer a separação de bens.
Qualquer dos cônjuges pode requerer, dentro de 15 dias, a separação de bens ou juntar certidão comprovativa da pendência de acção em que a separação já tenha sido requerida, sob pena de a execução prosseguir nos bens...
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