Processo
Autor | Helder Martins Leitão |
Cargo do Autor | Advogado |
Páginas | 230-232 |
Page 230
s.m. (lat. processu).
s.c.: modo de fazer uma coisa; norma; método.
Processo é o conjunto de papéis e actos sucessivos praticados pelo juiz, pelo MP, pelas partes e pela secretaria, no desenvolvimento da causa, que documenta a técnica, a tramitação e a dinâmica processual. Normalmente o processo destina-se à solução dum litígio, isto é, à aplicação da lei substancial a um caso particular em que os respectivos interessados estão em conflito. Segundo a fórmula de Carnelutti, o fim normal do processo é a justa composição da lide. Paz com justiça, escreve Carnelutti, poderia ser a divisa do direito processual. Nem paz sem justiça, nem justiça sem paz. Nem paz semPage 231 justiça, porque no processo propõe-se compor a lide, não de qualquer modo, mas em conformidade com o direito; nem justiça sem paz, porque quem aplica o direito não está envolvido no conflito, está fora e acima dele (supra partes, não inter partes). Para se determinar em certo caso se se deve usar processo especial ou o processo comum, deve utilizar-se, portanto, o seguinte critério: vê-se, sobretudo no título IV, do livro III (arts. 944.º e seguintes) do C.P.C., mas também em outros lugares do mesmo diploma e em leis avulsas, se algum dos tipos de processos especiais aí contemplados abrange no seu âmbito de aplicação a hipótese em causa.
Enquanto na área da jurisdição contenciosa o tribunal tem de cingir-se, em regra, aos factos alegados pelas partes (em obediência ao princípio dispositivo), nos processos de jurisdição voluntária o juiz pode investigar livremente os factos, (princípio inquisitório) de acordo com a directriz traçada no n.º 2, do art. 1409.º. Em vez da obediência a regras normativas de juridicidade (como nos processos de jurisdição contenciosa: art. 659.º, 2, in fine), vigora a liberdade de opção casuística pelas soluções de conveniência e de oportunidade (art. 1410.º). Prevalência, por conseguinte, da equidade sobre a legalidade estrita. A prevalência da equidade sobre a legalidade estrita, nas providências que o tribunal tome, não vai, obviamente, ao ponto de se permitir a postergação das normas imperativas aplicáveis à situação. Não será possível, por exemplo, decretar em nome da equidade o divórcio por mútuo consentimento entre as pessoas não casadas há mais de três anos, contra o preceito imperativo do n.º 1, do art. 1775.º do C.C.. Precisamente porque não está em causa, na área da jurisdição voluntária, a resolução técnica de questões de...
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PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Dicionário de Processo Civil
- P
- Pacto de jurisdição
- Pagamento
- Parecer
- Parentesco
- Parte
- Partilha
- Patrocínio judiciário
- Pedido
- Penhor
- Penhora
- Perícia
- Perito
- Personalidade
- Personalidade judiciária
- Pessoa colectiva
- Petição inicial
- Poder jurisdicional
- Prazo
- Preço
- Preferência
- Presidente da república
- Prestação de facto
- Preterição
- Princípio
- Procedimento cautelar
- Processo
- Protesto
- Prova
- Publicidade
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