Desistência
Autor | Helder Martins Leitão |
Cargo do Autor | Advogado |
Páginas | 96-97 |
Page 96
s.f. (lat. desistere).
s.c.: acto ou efeito de desistir; renúncia.
O autor pode em qualquer altura, desistir de todo o pedido ou de parte dele.
A desistência do pedido extingue o direito que se pretendia fazer valer.
A desistência da instância apenas faz cessar o processo que se instaurara.
A desistência do pedido é livre, mas não prejudica a reconvenção, a não ser que o pedido reconvencional seja dependente do formulado pelo autor.
A desistência da instância depende da aceitação do réu, desde que seja requerida depois do oferecimento da contestação.
Os representantes das pessoas colectivas, sociedades, incapazes ou ausentes só podem desistir, nos precisos limites das suas atribuições ou procedendo autorização especial.
Não é permitida desistência que importe a afirmação da vontade das partes relativamente a direitos indisponíveis.
Page 97
É, porém, livre a desistência nas acções de divórcio e de separação de pessoas e bens.
A desistência pode fazer-se por documento autêntico ou particular, sem prejuízo das exigências de forma da lei substantiva, ou por termo no processo.
As custas são pagas pelo desistente.
Remissões:
arts. 293.º, 295.º a 301.º e 451.º C.P.C..
Jurisprudência:
Ac. S.T.J., 18/5/99, in B.M.J., 487.º-321.
Ac. Rel. Porto, de 6/5/99, in B.M.J., 487.º-363.
História:
No Código de 1939 estava previsto que a parte devia manifestar ao juiz, em requerimento, o seu desejo de desistir, confessar ou transigir e era o juiz que designava o prazo dentro do qual deveria ser tomado o termo. Agora os desistentes, transaccionantes ou confitentes, dirigir-se-ão, directamente, à secretaria, onde o escrivão do processo, logo que o desempenho das suas obrigações lho permita, lavrará o correspondente termo.
Actualmente, portanto, a regra é a de que a sentença que julgar válida a confissão, a desistência ou a transacção, está sujeita, quanto ao trânsito, às regras aplicáveis a quaisquer outras sentenças, sendo...
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