Da Venda Antecipada de Penhor
Autor | Helder Martins Leitão |
Cargo do Autor | Advogado |
Páginas | 89-92 |
Page 89
Dada a necessidade de um processo célere e simplificado destinado a obviar ao risco de perda ou deterioração da coisa empenhada, as alterações trazidas ao C.P.C. pelo Dec.-Lei n.º 329-A/95 e 180/96, de 12/12 e 25/9, respectivamente, mantiveram, como processo especial, a venda antecipada do penhor, estampada no seguinte dispositivo do C.P.C.:
«Artigo 1013.º
Venda antecipada do penhor
1. Se for requerida autorização para a venda antecipada, por fundado receio de perda ou deterioração da coisa empenhada, serão citados para contestar, no prazo de 10 dias, o credor, o devedor e o dono da coisa, que não sejam requerentes, e em seguida o tribunal decidirá, precedendo as diligências convenientes.
2. Se for ordenado o depósito do preço, ficará este à ordem do tribunal, para ser levantado depois de vencida a obrigação.
3. Enquanto a venda não for efectuada, o autor do penhor pode oferecer em substituição outra garantia real, cuja idoneidade será logo apreciada, suspendendo-se entretanto a venda.»
Como se trata de uma venda antecipada, não pode o credor fazer-se pagar pelo produto da venda. Nem a coisa empenhada está, directamente, adstrita ao cumprimento da obrigação.
Estabelece, por isso, o n.º 2, do artigo acima transcrito que sobre o produto da venda fica o credor com o direito que tinha sobre a coisa empenhada, isto é, fica o produto a substituir a coisa vendida.
Somente, porque se trata de dinheiro e este pode facilmente desaparecer nas mãos do credor, permite-se ao tribunal ordenar que ele seja depositado.
Page 90
O facto, porém, de estar depositado o dinheiro não lhe tira a natureza de penhor. 114
Certo que o penhor confere ao credor o direito à satisfação do seu crédito, bem como, dos juros, se os houver, com preferência sobre os demais credores, pelo valor de certa coisa móvel ou pelo valor de créditos ou outros direitos não susceptíveis de hipoteca, pertencentes ao devedor ou a terceiro
A reter
O credor pignoratício não pode, sem mais, na falta de pagamento, fazer sua a coisa penhorada. Até porque «enquanto a venda não for efectuada, o autor do penhor pode oferecer em substituição outra garantia real.»115
Diz Alberto dos Reis 116 que a razão é óbvia.
Como o devedor, quando dá um objecto em penhor para conseguir o empréstimo de certa quantia, se encontra em regra, em estado de necessidade, a admissão da cláusula - no caso de falta de pagamento o credor fará seu o objecto do penhor - daria lugar a espoliações...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Dos Processos Especiais
- Processos de Jurisdição Contenciosa
- Noções Gerais
- Das Interdições e Inabilitações
- Da Prestação de Caução
- Do Reforço e Substituição da Caução e de outras das Garantias Especiais
- Da Expurgação de Hipotecas e da Extinção de Privilégios
- Da Venda Antecipada de Penhor
- Da Prestação de Contas
- Da Consignação em Depósito
- Da Divisão de Coisa Comum ou de Águas
- Da Regulação e Repartição de Avarias Marítimas
- Da Reforma de Documentos, Autos e Livros
- Da Acção de Indemnização contra Magistrados
- Da Revisão de Sentenças Estrangeiras
- Da Justificação da Ausência
- Da Execução Especial por Alimentos
- Da Liquidação Judicial de Sociedades
- Da Liquidação da Herança Vaga em Benefício do Estado
- Do Inventário
- Do Divórcio e Separação Litigiosos
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