Conclusão
Autor | Arnaldo Ourique |
Páginas | 164-167 |
Page 164
O Estado português tem na sua história o ADN da autonomia política: VIRIATO lutou pelo seu espaço contra os Romanos, e o Conde D. HENRIQUE iniciou uma política independentista do Reino de Leão e Castela que o seu filho, D. AFONSO HENRIQUES, viria a concretizar e a consagra-se por isso mesmo no primeiro Rei de Portugal. Com os Descobrimentos Portugal viria a iniciar o seu período de Estado descentralizado, embora com fases diversificadas, primeiro com a concessão de uma certa autonomia política de certas regiões ultramarinas que na Revisão de Constituição em 1973 designava de "Estados" embora substancialmente continuavam sendo meras regiões autónomas político-administrativas; segundo, com a descentralização administrativa geral com o advento do Liberalismo e das primeiras leis administrativas, passando pela descentralização administrativa para os Açores e a Madeira já no Século XIX. E, finalmente em 1976, a autonomia política das suas duas regiões periféricas e insulares.
Com o descobrindo das ilhas atlânticas no Século XV, nasce um outro país, um Portugal cujo poder soberano teria de se dividir internamente: desde cedo que os Açores e a Madeira, pela lonjura em que se encontravam do centro político, possuíam poderes de auto-governação bem diferentes dos da interioridade do país: num primeiro momento, de "1450" a 1895, período da Antiguidade da autonomia administrativa, onde o governo das ilhas à conta do donatário dos arquipélagos «exercia, nas palavras de VITORINO NEMÉSIO, todos os poderes soberanos, salvo as penas de morte e «talhamento de membro», através dos seus capitães, reservando-se o exclusivo do sal, das moendas de pão e serras de água».83 Neste mesmo período, a reforma pombalina de 1776 criou o cargo de capitão-general equiparado quase a um vice-rei, e que já traduz uma primeira tentativa de centralismo pois, como afirma AVELINO MENESES, era «insustentável a persistência nas ilhas de uma organização política própria, cuja postura simultaneamente autónoma e feudalizante contrasta com os propósitos de racionalidade e centralização que individualizaram o século das Luzes».84
Um segundo período, de 1895 a 1976, Adaptação da autonomia administrativa, nasce com o liberalismo, com a consagração de um Estado Constitucional85 e com as primeiras leis administrativas86 e os Códigos Administrativos,87 uma nova forma de descentralização e de Page 165 desconcentração de poderes, uma Província dos Açores com um Prefeito e com sede em Angra, mais tarde a consagração de distritos. E um terceiro período, de 1976 aos nossos dias, Criação da autonomia político-administrativa das ilhas atlânticas.88
Ou seja os Açores, e a Madeira, no contexto político de Portugal são e sempre foram um caso singular: ora um Estado a divorciar-se de um maior controlo quando isso dava jeito, ora um Estado mais centralista quando os interesses assim o ditavam. O que é perfeitamente aceitável: ninguém quer perder parte do seu...
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PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Autonomia portuguesa
- 2ª Parte: Paradigmas político, jurídico e filosófico
- A autonomia constitucional no Século XXI
- A crise das autonomias (a propósito do Tribunal de Justiça das Comunidades Europeias)
- Continuação. Forma de Estado
- Solidariedade nacional
- O novo conceito constitucional de interesse específico
- Continuação. Fiscalização
- O princípio da audição das regiões autónomas na Constituição da República Portuguesa
- O Preâmbulo do Estatuto dos Açore
- O Preâmbulo do Estatuto dos Açore
- Criação da lei nos Açores (apontamentos para o seu estudo)
- Continuação. A sua crise
- O passado, o anterior e o actual sistema legislativo
- Porquê um controlo preventivo da lei
- Não há cidadania sem leis
- E não há leis sem democracia
- Supletividade autonómica
- O homem açoriano e a violação da ordem jurídica
- Limite material e região autónoma
- Audição autonómica
- Fuga para a autonomia administrativa
- Representante da República
- Herança dos últimos governos
- Herança dos últimos governos
- Continuação
- Autonomia constitucional
- Continuação
- Conclusão
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