Porquê um controlo preventivo da lei
Autor | Arnaldo Ourique |
Páginas | 135-139 |
Page 135
O controlo preventivo é uma cunha no sistema que é necessária, sobretudo atendendo à tendência para o divórcio entre a lei e o parlamento, e o casamento promíscuo entre a lei e o executivo ou entre a lei e a administração pública. Mas, qual controlo?
Democracia é mais um jogo de vontades do que qualquer outra coisa.69 E por isso é perfeitamente possível aquela fórmula de segurança segundo a qual, antes da sua entrada na ordem jurídica, o diploma legal seja sujeito a um controlo prévio especial. Como jogo de vontades, foi até certo momento possível acreditar unicamente na vontade conjunta do legislador. Mas com a complexidade da sociedade cada vez mais difícil uma outra necessidade transbordou: que o executivo, a par do parlamento, também ele produzisse e criasse leis. E assim, naturalmente, a dialéctica encaminhou para a necessidade de um controlo preventivo dessas leis.
O que é, bem vistas as coisas, um contra-senso quando em pleno terreno de um Direito menos formal e mais material, ou seja, num estádio em que a criação do Direito já não só apenas através da criação da lei mas sobretudo através da criação do Direito pela própria administração pública. Isto é, se por um lado, o legislador parlamentar e executivo, estão obrigados a um controlo preventivo, o "legislador" administrativo apenas tem um controlo a posteriori realizado pelos tribunais. Isto é, ainda, em especial frente, por exemplo, às questões dos direitos fundamentais, há uma segurança preventiva onde se podem suscitar muitos comandos que podem nem sequer chegar a letra de lei, mas já no caso da administração pública apenas há uma segurança após o acto administrativo regulador da lei e, por conseguinte, criador do Direito ao caso concreto.
Há aqui neste precipício alguma irregularidade.
Há, de entre o controlo preventivo, várias matrizes. Se é certo que ao falar-se do controlo preventivo está a referir-se em geral ao que é feito pelo Representante da República, certo é também que existem outros, pelo menos parlamentares. A oposição partidária realiza, em certo sentido, um controlo preventivo político na feitura das leis. E o próprio regimento parlamentar prevê que não sejam aceites propostas ou projectos de lei que colidem com princípios estruturantes ou que violem a Constituição. Segue-se depois outro tipo de controlo, aqueles controlos preventivos aquando da discussão de esboço de diploma nas comissões de especialidade. Ou seja, portanto, se é controlo preventivo aquele sistema cuja definição é constitucional e estatutária, há, no entanto, aquelas outras formas que são modelos de actuação que consubstanciam uma verdadeira fiscalização prévia na feitura das leis.
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PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Autonomia portuguesa
- 2ª Parte: Paradigmas político, jurídico e filosófico
- A autonomia constitucional no Século XXI
- A crise das autonomias (a propósito do Tribunal de Justiça das Comunidades Europeias)
- Continuação. Forma de Estado
- Solidariedade nacional
- O novo conceito constitucional de interesse específico
- Continuação. Fiscalização
- O princípio da audição das regiões autónomas na Constituição da República Portuguesa
- O Preâmbulo do Estatuto dos Açore
- O Preâmbulo do Estatuto dos Açore
- Criação da lei nos Açores (apontamentos para o seu estudo)
- Continuação. A sua crise
- O passado, o anterior e o actual sistema legislativo
- Porquê um controlo preventivo da lei
- Não há cidadania sem leis
- E não há leis sem democracia
- Supletividade autonómica
- O homem açoriano e a violação da ordem jurídica
- Limite material e região autónoma
- Audição autonómica
- Fuga para a autonomia administrativa
- Representante da República
- Herança dos últimos governos
- Herança dos últimos governos
- Continuação
- Autonomia constitucional
- Continuação
- Conclusão
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