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- Livros E Revistas
- Antecipação Bancária E Empréstimo Sobre Penhor no Âmbito Das Operações Bancária
A jurisprudência
Autor | Luís Poças |
Páginas | 145-148 |
Contrastando com a relativa abundância de jurisprudência italiana sobre o contrato de anticipazione bancaria (embora muito concentrada nos anos que se seguiram à aprovação do Código Civil) os arestos portugueses sobre o contrato de empréstimo bancário sobre penhor são bem mais escassos. Importa, porém, sem preocupações de exaustividade, referir alguns exemplos, não só das questões controvertidas, mas das tendências seguidas nos dois sistemas jurídicos.
Entre as problemáticas recorrentes nos tribunais italianos encontra-se a da natureza jurídica da operação, questão igualmente alvo de debate e controvérsia no campo doutrinário498. Neste quadro, e desde logo, o Acórdão do Tribunal de Relação de Veneza de 11 de Maio de 1955499 entendeu que a antecipação bancária não constitui um novo negócio de crédito, mas antes a combinação de um negócio de crédito (mútuo ou abertura de crédito) com outro acessório de garantia. Nesta perspectiva, a constituição de um penhor de títulos e a convenção de uma proporcionalidade constante entre o crédito e a garantia não seriam suficientes para alterar a natureza da relação substancial500.
Por seu turno, a perspectiva de Messineo encontra expressão num acórdão do Tribunal de Nápoles de 6 de Julho de 1951, onde se defende que a anticipazione, tal como se reflecte nas práticas bancárias, tem a natureza de abertura de crédito com garantia real mobiliária501. Esta tendência segue, aliás, jurisprudência anterior ao próprio Código Civil de 1942, nomeadamente o Acórdão do Tribunal da Relação de Milão de 19 de Dezembro de 1929502.
Em sentido convergente com os arestos anteriormente referidos, o acórdão do Tribunal da Relação de Turim de 24 de Julho de 1951 constata a existência, nas práticas bancárias, de antecipações em conta-corrente, defendendo que, nestes casos, a operação teria a natureza de abertura de crédito, enquanto no caso de antecipação bancária simples a respectiva natureza seria a do mútuo503.
Por seu turno, e inflectindo as tendências referidas, um outro acórdão (Tribunal de Veneza, de 18 de Agosto de 1953) defende que a antecipação bancária se distingue do mútuo e da abertura de crédito em virtude, por um lado, da garantia real de títulos ou mercadorias e, por outro, da cláusula de proporcionalidade constante entre a soma antecipada e o valor da garantia. O referido acórdão considera ainda válida a cláusula que permite...
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PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Livros e Revistas
- Antecipação Bancária e Empréstimo Sobre Penhor no Âmbito das Operações Bancária
- Nota do autor
- O desvendar de um processo histórico
- Introdução: o enigma da antecipação bancária
- Os Contornos do objecto de análise
- Principais elementos
- Caracterização do contrato
- Figuras afins
- Principais aspectos do regime jurídico
- A natureza jurídica
- A antecipação bancária atípica
- A doutrina: nota de síntese
- A jurisprudência
- Conclusões
- Bibliografia
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