- Início
- Livros E Revistas
- Antecipação Bancária E Empréstimo Sobre Penhor no Âmbito Das Operações Bancária
Conclusões
Autor | Luís Poças |
Páginas | 149-152 |
A antecipação bancária, como figura dogmática, resulta de uma sedimentação de práticas contratuais operada ao longo de vários séculos, remontando as suas origens próximas à Itália medieval. A difusão internacional da modalidade, que acompanhou a intensificação do comércio internacional, permite-nos hoje identificar a sua subsistência nos mais diversos sistemas jurídicos, embora, em regra, apenas como modalidade socialmente (e não legalmente) típica. Quanto à designação “antecipação” (anticipazione) - cuja semântica ambígua e equívoca é salientada pela doutrina italiana - resulta da tradição deste país, vindo a ser acolhida no Código Civil de 1942 como “antecipação bancária” (anticipazione bancaria), o que correspondeu à sua consagração como tipo legal contratual. Neste contexto, o paradigma doutrinário e legal da antecipação bancária é o italiano, onde se verifica uma profusa e fecunda produção dogmática e jurisprudencial.
Em Portugal, a antecipação bancária assume o nomen e reconduz-se ao tipo legal do empréstimo sobre penhor, consagrado pelo artigo 402.º do Código Comercial de 1888 e por diversa legislação que, desde meados do séc. XIX, vem regulando a modalidade contratual. Assim, a tipicidade legal do contrato no sistema jurídico português precede a do italiano, não obstante o paralelismo substancial e estrutural de regimes que encontramos entre as soluções legais consagradas no Código Civil italiano e as que têm vindo a vigorar entre nós. Em contraste com o contexto italiano, a antecipação bancária tem vindo a merecer pouca atenção da nossa doutrina e jurisprudência.
A comparabilidade entre os dois tipos legais passa pela identificação dos elementos fundamentais da antecipação bancária, tomada como figura dogmática assente num conceito geral e abstracto e que transcende a circunscrição de cada tipo contratual. Esses elementos - que têm sido evidenciados pela doutrina italiana a partir da anticipazione e encontram reflexo no empréstimo sobre penhor - são: a existência de uma relação de crédito; a existência de uma relação de garantia; e a verificação de uma íntima interdependência entre ambas, traduzida numa tendencialmente constante relação de proporcionalidade (scarto) e não de acessoriedade. A profunda interdependência entre a relação de crédito e a de garantia constitui, assim, o elemento de síntese que diferencia a figura contratual e permite, em grande medida, a qualificação jurídica. Em contrapartida, a natureza das coisas...
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PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Livros e Revistas
- Antecipação Bancária e Empréstimo Sobre Penhor no Âmbito das Operações Bancária
- Nota do autor
- O desvendar de um processo histórico
- Introdução: o enigma da antecipação bancária
- Os Contornos do objecto de análise
- Principais elementos
- Caracterização do contrato
- Figuras afins
- Principais aspectos do regime jurídico
- A natureza jurídica
- A antecipação bancária atípica
- A doutrina: nota de síntese
- A jurisprudência
- Conclusões
- Bibliografia
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