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- Antecipação Bancária E Empréstimo Sobre Penhor no Âmbito Das Operações Bancária
A doutrina: nota de síntese
Autor | Luís Poças |
Páginas | 141-144 |
Sobre a extensa e fecunda produção teórica da doutrina italiana no domínio da ante- cipação bancária muito haveria a dizer. A intensidade do debate dogmático, que atingiu o seu ponto cimeiro nos anos que se seguiram à aprovação do Código Civil italiano, contrasta com o reduzido número de artigos que regulam a matéria (1846.º a 1851.º) embora tenha sido propiciada pela difícil articulação das soluções consagradas nos mesmos. Da diversidade e densidade das perspectivas doutrinárias demos devida nota ao longo deste trabalho481, centrando-se a maior controvérsia em questões como a da natureza jurídica do contrato e a da articulação do regime da antecipação com o de outras figuras com ela confinantes. Neste contexto, as referências bibliográficas, não esgotando o acervo teórico produzido, são exemplificativas da profusão de perspectivas e do interesse que a figura tem suscitado em Itália.
Como mencionámos oportunamente, a doutrina portuguesa de “primeira linha”, isto é, com produção original sobre a matéria, resume-se a poucos nomes. Desde logo, José Maria Pires que, como referimos, constituiu uma referência pioneira à antecipação bancária em Portugal. No seu primeiro escrito sobre a matéria, segue o contexto do regime típico italiano, embora omitindo referências legais ou bibliográficas482. No seu segundo texto sobre o tema, o autor segue já a linha, entretanto partilhada pela demais doutrina, de que se trata de um contrato atípico em Portugal483 (embora encontrando reflexos do scarto em legislação nacional), formulando uma síntese de algumas questões suscitadas na literatura italiana484.
Por seu turno, para Menezes Cordeiro, a antecipação bancária traduziria, efectivamente, uma antecipação: «digamos que o cliente, em vez de vender esses bens para realizar dinheiro, se dirige ao banqueiro o qual “antecipa” o preço, dando-lhe um crédito e recebendo os bens como garantia»485. Por outro lado, o autor não identifica a antecipação bancária com a actividade prestamista, afirmando que aquela se distingue do empréstimo sobre penhor em virtude de «traduzir, na prática bancária, uma pré-realização do valor da garantia e não (apenas) uma garantia dum empréstimo»486.
A função do contrato seria, assim, como decorre deste prisma do autor, análoga à dos adiantamentos sobre letras à cobrança, desconto, desconto à forfait ou factoring, perspectiva que, pelas razões oportunamente expostas487, não subscrevemos. Na verdade, e ao contrário das referidas operações...
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PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Livros e Revistas
- Antecipação Bancária e Empréstimo Sobre Penhor no Âmbito das Operações Bancária
- Nota do autor
- O desvendar de um processo histórico
- Introdução: o enigma da antecipação bancária
- Os Contornos do objecto de análise
- Principais elementos
- Caracterização do contrato
- Figuras afins
- Principais aspectos do regime jurídico
- A natureza jurídica
- A antecipação bancária atípica
- A doutrina: nota de síntese
- A jurisprudência
- Conclusões
- Bibliografia
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