Decreto n.º 14/2013, de 24 de Junho de 2013
Decreto n.º 14/2013 de 24 de junho O Castelo ou Fortaleza de Penamacor foi provavelmente construído sobre uma estrutura defensiva já existente, no seguimento da concessão do primeiro foral, por D. San- cho I, e da presumível doação da vila a D. Gualdim Pais, Mestre da Ordem do Templo.
A fortaleza implanta-se numa elevação granítica que domina a paisagem circundante e permite estabelecer co- municação visual com o castelo de Monsanto, integrando a linha de defesa da fronteira da Beira.
O aglomerado urbano medieval, ainda percetível ao longo da Rua de São Pedro, era envolvido por uma cintura defensiva ovalada irregular, própria das vilas muralhadas góticas, sendo cercado por um perímetro mais alargado no reinado de D. Dinis.
Pertence a esta empreitada a obra genérica do castelo medieval, em- bora a barbacã e outros elementos coevos sejam já datáveis dos reinados de D. Fernando e de D. João I. No início do século XVI Duarte d’Armas descreveu um forte e complexo sistema defensivo, com Torre de Vigia isolada, alcáçova e imponente Torre de Menagem de tipo- logia arcaizante, hoje Torre do Relógio, cujo coroamento em machicoulis, ou balcão corrido de matacães assente em cachorrada, data da mesma época, e representa uma solução militar relativamente rara em Portugal.
Ainda quinhentista será a primitiva Domus Municipalis, ou Casa da Câmara, levantada no alinhamento da muralha sobre a porta norte da vila e integrando as torres laterais dionisinas.
Décadas depois, no âmbito das Guerras de Restauração, as muralhas foram reforçadas e construíram-se seis baluartes em redor da anterior fortificação medieval.
Das estruturas referidas restam hoje em dia a Torre de Menagem e a Torre de Vigia, os redutos do Outeiro e do Cavaleiro e alguns troços da muralha e da Domus Munici- palis daquele que foi um dos mais poderosos castelos da Beira.
Apesar do processo de destruição e desmantelamento iniciado no século XIX, o Castelo de Penamacor, entendido como toda a área amuralhada do antigo burgo medieval, conserva significativa relevância em termos patrimoniais.
A classificação do Castelo de Penamacor, também de- nominado Fortaleza de Penamacor, reflete os critérios constantes do artigo 17.º da Lei n.º 107/2001, de 8 de setembro, relativos ao...
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