Decreto-Lei n.º 204/87, de 16 de Maio de 1987
Decreto-Lei n.º 204/87 de 16 de Maio A prática dos designados 'juros à cabeça' está, há longos anos, institucionalizada no sistema bancário. E não teria, muito provavelmente, sido posta em causa se a inflação não houvesse atingido níveis elevados, entre 20% e 30%, na maior parte dos anos de 1974 a 1985 e se, em consequência disso, as taxas nominais de juro não tivessem ultrapassado os limites a partir dos quais aquela prática dos juros antecipados começou a tornar-se insustentável para os clientes de crédito.
A gradual liberalização das taxas de juro das operações activas, de que o mais recente passo foi dado com a fixação de um único limite máximo (Aviso n.º 7/87, de 20 de Março), veio propiciar melhores condições para a presente eliminação da prática dos juros à cabeça. A única excepção respeita ao desconto de letras e similares, mas não de livranças.
A medida poderá ter especial relevo para as pequenas e médias empresas e, de um modo geral, para os clientes de crédito que, pela sua dimensão ou pela sua dependência financeira, tenham um poder negocial relativamente menor. É óbvio que os bancos podem aplicar, dentro do limite máximo referido, taxas de juros superiores às que usariam se continuasse a vigorar a citada prática de cálculo e cobrança. Mas, mesmo admitindo que assim será e que a concorrência bancária não será suficiente para o evitar, sempre restaria a vantagem de o preço do crédito se tornar mais expressivo e verdadeiro, ao desfazer ou atenuar a diferença entre a taxa nominal e a taxa efectiva de juro.
Assim, o Governo decreta, nos termos da alínea a) do n.º 1 do artigo 201.º da Constituição, o seguinte: Artigo 1.º O artigo 5.º do Decreto-Lei n.º 344/78, de 17 de Novembro, com a redacção que lhe foi dada pelo artigo 1.º do Decreto-Lei n.º 83/86, de 6 de Maio, passa a...
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