Acórdão nº 086455 de Supremo Tribunal de Justiça (Portugal), 01 de Fevereiro de 1995 (caso NULL)
Magistrado Responsável | AFONSO DE MELO |
Data da Resolução | 01 de Fevereiro de 1995 |
Emissor | Supremo Tribunal de Justiça (Portugal) |
Acordam: O Banco Espírito Santo e Comercial de Lisboa requereu, no Tribunal Cível da comarca de Lisboa, execução ordinária para pagamento de quantia certa contra A e B, com base em livrança subscrita pelo primeiro e avalizada pelo segundo. Os executados embargaram, alegando que, face ao disposto no artigo 55, n. 1, do Código de Processo Civil, tinham de ser chamados à execução C e mulher D, também, respectivamente, subscritor e avalista da livrança, e requereram o chamamento destes à demanda. Os embargos e o chamamento foram indeferidos liminarmente e, tendo a Relação negado provimento ao recurso, os executados interpuseram este segundo agravo, com os seguintes fundamentos: Todos os subscritores e avalistas da livrança deviam ser chamados a assumir a posição de executados - artigo 55, n. 1, do Código de Processo Civil; o aval tem a natureza jurídica de fiança e o agravante Pedro Manuel tem o benefício da excussão - artigos 638, do Código Civil, e 828 do Código de Processo Civil; os recorrentes têm o direito e interesse legítimo no chamamento à demanda do C e da D - artigos 330, alínea b), e 801, do Código de Processo Civil. O exequente não alegou. O artigo 55, n. 1, do Código de Processo Civil, prevê a legitimidade singular, que tem de resultar do título executivo. Os subscritores e avalistas da livrança são solidariamente responsáveis para com o portador, que podia accioná-los individual ou colectivamente e sem observar qualquer ordem entre eles. ("libera electio") - artigos 47 e 77 da Lei Uniforme Relativa às Letras e Livranças. Sendo assim: Há lugar a litisconsórcio voluntário e não a litisconsórcio necessário; Há incompatibilidade com o benefício da excussão previsto no artigo 638 do Código Civil para o fiador (Acórdão do Supremo Tribunal de Justiça de 8 de Janeiro de 1987 e de 19 de Abril de 1988, T.J. 27 página 24 e 45 página 35. No sentido de que o benefício da excussão exclui a aplicação directa da disciplina da solidariedade, G.F...
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