Acórdão nº 99B001 de Supremo Tribunal de Justiça (Portugal), 11 de Fevereiro de 1999 (caso NULL)
Magistrado Responsável | SIMÕES FREIRE |
Data da Resolução | 11 de Fevereiro de 1999 |
Emissor | Supremo Tribunal de Justiça (Portugal) |
Servidão administrativa. Como vem explicado no acórdão recorrido, não se provando que os prédios sejam diferentes, fica prejudicada a existência da servidão (artigo 1543 do C.Civil). Aí se afasta, e com razão, a ideia de que se tenha constituído qualquer servidão pelo acto administrativo invocado. O artigo 1547 do C.Civil enumera as formas de constituição das servidões e o n. 2 prevê a constituição por decisão administrativa. Convém separar o que seja a constituição por decisão administrativa de servidão administrativa. Esta constitui "encargo imposto por disposição da lei sobre certo prédio em proveito da utilidade pública duma coisa" (Marcello Caetano, Manual de Direito Administrativo, II-1352) e encontra-se regulada, em geral, pelo DL 181/70 de 28 de Abril. E dos exemplos apontados por aquele autor e da jurisprudência (ver Ac. STJ de 17 de Maio de 1989, BMJ 387-586 e de 2 de Novembro de 1991, BMJ 411-343), resulta que o caso dos autos não se inclui na categoria das servidões administrativas. Nestas pressupõe-se, além da constituição por via legal, a de facilitar a utilidade pública do bem público dominante (ver Ac. STJ de 24 de Setembro de 1996, servidão para a passagem de gás natural) o mesmo acontecendo quanto às servidões constituídas a favor do domínio público hídrico (DL 468/71, artigo 12). Sempre o bem do Estado afecto à utilidade pública constitui o prédio ou bem dominante. Importa ainda ter em conta que o acto administrativo que licencia a construção tem subjacente a verificação dos pressupostos exigidos por lei para a sua aprovação por motivos de ordem pública que implicam a intervenção do Estado ou das autarquias para verificar se são cumpridas as leis em vigor que asseguram um bom ordenamento, qualidade e segurança...
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