Perspectiva Funcional
Autor | Isabel Celeste M. Fonseca |
Páginas | 69-73 |
Page 69
Resulta da leitura do art. 212.º, n.º 3 da Lei Fundamental que o legislador constituinte quis que os tribunais administrativos fossem os «tribunais comuns», a «jurisdição própria», a «jurisdição ordinária», ou a «jurisdição natural» em matéria administrativa, parecendo estabelecer neste preceito uma reserva relativa de competência dos tribunais administrativos para «dirimir os litígios emergentes das relações jurídicas administrativas». A determinação constitucional elege, pois, uma matéria própria e determina um tipo de pretensões típicas que são atribuição da jurisdição administrativa: a jurisdição administrativa serve para dirimir os litígios emergentes das relações jurídicas administrativas. O conceito «relação jurídica administrativa» deve corresponder à generalidade das relações jurídicas externas ou inter-subjectivas de carácter administrativo, sejam as que se estabelecem entre particulares e os entes públicos, sejam as que ocorram entre sujeitos administrativos.
Dada a complexidade em distinguir actualmente as relações entre o direito público e o direito privado, cuja fronteira passa muitas vezes por uma solução política no momento do alargamento ou da restrição da jurisdição administrativa, apontam-se, sumariamente, três critérios para apuramento do conceito de «relação jurídica administrativa», a saber: subjectivo (1.), objectivo (2.) e funcional (3.). Assim, haverá uma relação jurídica administrativa quando pelo menos uma das partes for Administração Pública, uma pessoa colectiva pública, uma autoridade administrativa, um ente público, revestido de estatuto especial ou independentemente de a actuação traduzir poderes públicos. Numa perspectiva organizativa, quando a Administração integra a relação jurídica, há um indício de se estar perante uma relação jurídica administrativa. De acordo com um outro critério, a relação jurídica administrativa será aquela que é regulada pelo direito administrativo, por normas jurídicas caracterizadas tanto por entregarem especiais poderes e deveres à Administração como por assegurarem garantias de defesa aos particulares perante a Administração. Neste sentido, a razão de ser da jurisdição administrativa reside no facto de as relações jurídicas estarem sujeitas a um regime especial, já que uma das suas partes actua com poderes de autoridade que o estatuto jurídico-administrativo lhe atribui. De acordo com um outro critério, a relação jurídica administrativa é aquela em que a entidade pública exerce uma função específica, a administrativa. Assim, quando uma das partes na relação jurídica desempenha uma actividade administrativa, exerce um poder administrativo ou actua no exercício da função...
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PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Direito processual administrativo
- Parte II. A jurisdição administrativa
- Âmbito da Jurisdição Administrativa
- Perspectiva Funcional
- As Regras do CPTA quanto à legitimidade activa
- O Ministério público
- A Forma Processual
- O Contencioso declaratório e o Contencioso de execução
- O Contencioso declaratório previsto no CPTA
- Uma Sugestão de Leitura das formas processuais previstas no CPTA: artigos 35.º e 36.º
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