Decreto-Lei n.º 151/84, de 10 de Maio de 1984
Decreto-Lei n.º 151/84 de 10 de Maio O exercício da actividade a bordo está regulamentado por diploma especial - o Regulamento da Inscrição Marítima, Matrícula e Lotações dos Navios da Marinha Mercante e da Pesca (RIM) -, aprovado pelo Decreto n.º 45869, de 15 de Outubro de 1964, que contém os requisitos mínimos de escolaridade e de capacidade física para acesso à profissão.
Na sequência das várias reformas do ensino primário, o RIM tem vindo a ser objecto de sucessivas alterações, no concernente aos requisitos mínimos de escolaridade, exigindo-se actualmente a 6.' classe, em consonância, de resto, com a regra estabelecida, em termos gerais, no Decreto-Lei n.º 538/79, de 31 de Dezembro.
Contudo, este último diploma consagrou uma excepção àquela regra, ao dispor que aos indivíduos que tenham frequentado com regularidade a escolaridade obrigatória sem conseguirem concluí-la com aproveitamento, bem como aos deficientes físicos, sensoriais e motores, não se poderia negar o direito ao trabalho.
Com base na aludida excepção tem-se pretendido fundamentar o direito à inscrição marítima.
No entanto, a liberdade de escolha da profissão, que surge constitucionalmente associada ao direito ao trabalho, é consagrada sob reserva de lei restritiva; as restrições são aqui entendidas não como limitações à liberdade de escolha ou ao direito ao trabalho, mas antes como condições de exercício da profissão, ditados pelo interesse colectivo ou inerentes à própria capacidade dos interessados.
Ora, a actividade marítima, atenta a segurança da navegação e a salvaguarda da vida humana no mar, contém exigências cada vez maiores de conhecimentos teóricos específicos e de capacidade física adequada, que justificam, só por si, a necessidade da frequência prévia de cursos específicos em escolas de formação e ensino náutico e profissional.
Todavia, enquanto tais escolas não estiverem aptas a ministrar os cursos adequados para o ingresso nas categorias de marinhagem, impõe-se, desde já, a regulamentação dos requisitos mínimos de escolaridade e capacidade física para ingresso...
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