Introdução: Contrato de seguro e intermediação
Autor | Luís Poças |
Páginas | 119-121 |
Page 119
Várias têm sido as noções de contrato de seguro formuladas pela doutrina. A título de exemplo, Menezes Cordeiro define o contrato de seguro como aquele em que «uma pessoa transfere para outra o risco da verificação de um dano, na esfera própria ou alheia, mediante o pagamento de determinada remuneração»312. Numa diferente formulação, segundo Pedro Romano Martinez, o seguro é «o contrato aleatório por via do qual uma das partes (seguradora) se obriga, mediante o recebimento de um prémio, a suportar um risco, liquidando o sinistro que venha a ocorrer»313.
Não obstante a diversidade de fórmulas definitórias concretas314, resulta pacificamente da lei, da doutrina e da jurisprudência que no contrato de seguro apenas são partes o tomador do seguro e o segurador315. Ora, quer a aproximação das partes, quer a condução do processo negocial que culmina com a celebração do contrato de seguro são frequentemente o resultado da actividade de um terceiro (perante a relação contratual) que, não obstante, a influencia e condiciona de forma decisiva: o intermediário comercial que, na maior parte dos casos, assume o estatuto de mediador de seguros. Page 120
Na noção que actualmente decorre da alínea c) do artigo 5.º do Decreto-Lei n.º 144/2006, de 31 de Julho, a mediação de seguros é qualquer actividade que consista em apresentar ou propor um contrato de seguro ou praticar outro acto preparatório da sua celebração, em celebrar o referido contrato ou em apoiar a gestão e execução desse contrato, particularmente em caso de sinistro. Desta forma, o mediador de seguros, sendo estranho ao contrato, pode intervir, de forma material e/ou jurídica, na preparação, conclusão ou execução do mesmo.
Assim, da articulação do papel do mediador de seguros com a configuração dada ao contrato - ou seja, a posição do mediador perante o contrato de seguro - resultam uma pluralidade de questões e problemas jurídicos, frequentemente descurados por alguma doutrina e jurisprudência, e que requerem uma análise atenta.
Neste quadro - e considerando que os mediadores de seguros beneficiam de uma autonomia relativa perante os seguradores, mas, em contrapartida, a sua actividade depende, em grande medida, face ao cliente / tomador do seguro, da identificação do mediador com o segurador (designadamente através de anúncios, logótipos, brochuras, documentação, etc.) - suscitam-se, nomeadamente, problemas quanto à vinculação do segurador, ou à responsabilidade do mesmo, em virtude...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Estudos de Direito dos Seguros
- Aspectos da mediação de seguros
- Introdução: Contrato de seguro e intermediação
- A mediação de seguros - Etapas de um percurso
- Relevância do direito comunitário
- O novo regime da mediação de seguros: aspectos gerais
- O contrato de mediação de seguros
- Caracterização do contrato
- As figuras afins da mediação de seguros
- A natureza jurídica da mediação de seguros
- A vinculação do segurador pela conduta do mediador
- A jurisprudência
- Conclusões
- Referências bibliográficas
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