Habilitação
Autor | Helder Martins Leitão |
Cargo do Autor | Advogado |
Páginas | 133-134 |
Page 133
s.f. (lat. habilitare).
s.c.: acto ou efeito de habilitar ou habilitar-se; aptidão; título ou documento que habilita.
Em processo civil a habilitação propõe-se um objectivo: certificar que determinada pessoa sucedeu a outra na posição jurídica que esta ocupava. Pode a habilitação apresentarse sob três aspectos diferentes: a) como incidente duma causa que corre em juízo; b) como objecto próprio de uma acção; c) como elemento ou requisito da legitimidade das partes. A principal particularidade da habilitação-legitimidade, inicial ou incidental, que a contradistingue da habilitação-causa, é não impedir a decisão que a rejeite a renovação da habilitação, ainda que com base no mesmo título (mesma causa de pedir), embora com base em novas provas. Posto que só para habilitação-incidente isso esteja expresso na lei (art. 372.º, n.º 3.º), não se vê razão para a não aplicação analógica da mesma regra à habilitação-legitimidade inicial. Em resumo: a lei exclui nesse domínio o princípio do caso julgado. O incidente de habilitação, qualquer que seja o evento que o provoque, pode surgir em qualquer estado do processo, enquanto a causa estiver pendente; pode, por isso, suscitar-se em grau de recurso perante a Relação ou o Supremo; e não só quando estes tribunais superiores funcionam como tribunais de recurso, senão também quando julgam em 1.ª instância. Se falecer o meeiro ou algum herdeiro antes de concluído o inventário, o cabeça-de-casal indicará os herdeiros do falecido, notificando-se a indicação aos outros interessados e citando-se para o inventário as pessoas indicadas. A legitimidade dos herdeiros pode ser impugnada por parte dos citados ou notificados, nos termos do artigo 1332.º. Na falta de impugnação, têm-se como habilitadas as pessoas indicadas, sem prejuízo do disposto no artigo 1334.º.
Remissões:
arts. 77.º, 371.º a 377.º, 453.º/1 e 1332.º C.P.C..
Page 134
Jurisprudência:
Ac. Rel. Coimbra, de 28/1/03...
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PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Dicionário de Processo Civil
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