Introdução
Autor | Inspector Tributário da DGCI |
Cargo do Autor | Rui Miguel Marques Gonçalves |
Páginas | 15-18 |
Page 15
A evolução que se vem verificando nas últimas décadas, principal- mente no mundo dos negócios, tem quebrado barreiras jamais imagináveis, num fenómeno que designamos de "globalização" e que mais não se traduz do que no eliminar de fronteiras e limites, permitindo, por si, só uma troca de conhecimentos e bens e uma livre circulação de pessoas e capitais por todo o mundo.
Desta forma, não é de estranhar que as empresas desloquem as suas actividades para locais onde a produtividade é maior - obtendo poupanças ao nível dos custos com mercadorias, pessoal, transportes, administrativos, comerciais ou outros - ou simplesmente adquiram produtos e/ou serviços em locais onde os preços são menores, sendo que hoje já não existe limite territorial, atendendo aos meios de transporte e comunicação existentes.
Estando a actividade económica vocacionada para o lucro, é de todo normal que as entidades tentem minimizar os seus custos, incluindo o próprio imposto sobre o rendimento obtido.
No entanto, não é legítimo que estas tentativas de minimizar custos se façam de forma contrária à lei. No caso da evasão e da fraude fiscal internacional "embora sejam igualmente práticas contrárias à justiça Page 16 fiscal, têm implicações ainda mais graves, na medida em que se repercutem seriamente na balança de transacções com o exterior, e falseiam a concorrência internacional e os movimentos de capitais. Para além disso, são práticas em que o interesse do fisco não é o único lesado. Por exemplo, uma sociedade que transfira irregularmente benefícios para o estrangeiro atenta igualmente contra os interesses dos seus accionistas e dos seus credores e, bem assim, contra a salvaguarda do emprego e a manutenção do potencial económico nacional."1
Hoje, inclusivé ao nível dos serviços, verifica-se uma crescente internacionalização. As profissões de gestor, engenheiro, arquitecto, advogado, economista e contabilista, as actividades de...
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