Execução
Autor | Helder Martins Leitão |
Cargo do Autor | Advogado |
Páginas | 115-116 |
Page 115
s.f. (lat. executione).
s.c.: acto, efeito ou modo de executar; cumprimento de uma ordem ou sentença.
Toda a execução tem por base um título, pelo qual se determinam o fim e os limites da acção executiva.
O fim da execução, para o efeito do processo aplicável, pode consistir no pagamento de quantia certa, na entrega de coisa certa ou na prestação de um facto, quer positivo, querPage 116 negativo. Quem tem um título executivo, tem a possibilidade de o executar, isto é, de obter a concretização do pretendido, através de um processo de execução.
Espécies de títulos executivos:
* sentenças condenatórias;
* documentos exarados ou autenticados por notário;
* documentos particulares;
* documentos a que, por disposição especial, seja atribuída força executiva.
A execução principia pelas diligências, a requerer pelo exequente, destinadas a tornar a obrigação certa, exigível e líquida, se o não for em face do título executivo.
Na execução para entrega de coisa certa, deve requerer-se que o executado seja citado para no prazo de 20 dias, proceder à respectiva entrega.
É esta a base para executar a sentença que decidiu compelir alguém a entregar a outrém determinada coisa.
Se, porém, a execução se fundar em sentença, pode o exequente logo no requerimento inicial, pedir que se proceda à entrega judicial da coisa.
Se alguém estiver obrigado a prestar um facto em prazo certo e não cumprir, o credor pode requerer a prestação por outrém, se o facto for fungível, bem como, a indemnização moratória a que tenha direito ou a indemnização do dano sofrido com a não realização da prestação e a quantia, eventualmente, devida a título de sanção pecuniária compulsória.
Remissões:
arts. 45.º, 46.º, 802.º e 933.º/1 C.P.C..
art. 827.º C.C..
Jurisprudência:
Ac. Rel. Porto, de 28/1/03, in...
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